如何減少立式加工中心加工工件的誤差_南通華鍛重型機床有限公司

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　　任(rèn)何加工設備，在(zai)工件加工時如(ru)加工路線設置(zhì)、加工程序編😄制(zhi)⚽、加工刀具選擇(zé)、機床自身問題(ti)、裝夾問⭐題及工(gong)件😄材質等有問(wèn)題時，對工件的(de)加工精度和加(jiā)工效率都會造(zào)成影響，立式加(jiā)工中心作爲高(gao)精的加工設🏃🏻備(bèi)，減少工件加工(gong)誤差常用的方(fāng)法主要♋有減少(shao)原始📱誤差法、誤(wu)差補償法、誤差(cha)轉移法、誤差分(fen)組法、誤差平均(jun)法及誤差合成(chéng)法等。

　　一、誤差合(hé)成法

　　誤差(chà)補償法是人爲(wèi)地制造一種誤(wu)差，去抵消工藝(yi)系統‼️固有的原(yuán)始誤差，或者利(li)用一種原始誤(wu)差去🛀抵消另一(yī)種原💯始誤差，從(cong)而達到提高立(li)式加工中📞心工(gong)件加工精度的(de)目👌的。通常通過(guò)減小機床間隙(xì)，提高機床剛度(du) ，采用預加載荷(hé)，使有關配合産(chǎn)生預緊力，而減(jian)少間隙影響。還(hai)可以提高工件(jiàn)和刀具的剛度(du)減小刀具、工件(jiàn)的懸伸長度，以(yǐ)提高工藝系統(tǒng)的剛度。還可以(yǐ)采用合理的裝(zhuāng)夾方🔴式和加工(gong)方式，減小切削(xue)力及其變🈲化，合(he)理地選擇刀具(ju)材料，增大前角(jiao)和主👣偏角，以及(ji)對工件材料進(jìn)行合理的熱處(chu)理以材料地加(jiā)工🙇‍♀️性能等幾種(zhǒng)方法。

　　三、直接減(jiǎn)少原始誤差法(fa)

　　直接減少原始(shi)誤差法是指在(zài)查明影響加工(gong)精度㊙️的主🔞要📧原(yuan)始誤差因素之(zhī)後，設法對其直(zhi)接進行減少或(huo)減少。比如⚽立式(shì)加工中心在長(zhǎng)時間使用後，由(yóu)于自然磨損造(zào)成的傳🧑🏽‍🤝‍🧑🏻動系統(tǒng)定位失🔴準、反向(xiang)間隙等。

　　四、誤差(cha)平均法

　　誤差平(ping)均法是利用有(yǒu)密切聯系的表(biǎo)面之間的相互(hù)比較和相互修(xiū)正，或者利用互(hù)爲基準進行加(jiā)工，以達到立式(shi)加工中心減少(shǎo)加工誤差的目(mù)的。

　　五、誤差轉移(yi)法

　　誤差轉移法(fǎ)的實質是轉移(yi)工藝系統的集(jí)合誤差、受🚶力變(biàn)形及熱變形等(děng)引起的綜合誤(wu)差。如立式加工(gong)中⭐心進行一些(xie)孔⚽類加工，工件(jian)的同軸度不是(shi)靠機床主軸回(hui)轉⛹🏻‍♀️精度來保證(zheng)的，而是靠夾具(ju)保證，當機床主(zhǔ)軸與工件采用(yòng)浮動連接以後(hòu)，機床主軸的原(yuán)始誤差就🆚不再(zai)影響加工精度(dù)，而轉移到夾具(ju)來保證加工精(jīng)度。

　　六、誤差分組(zu)法

　　在立式加工(gong)中心加工中，由(yóu)于工序毛坯誤(wu)差的存🤟在，造成(cheng)了本工序的加(jiā)工誤差。毛坯誤(wu)差的變化，對本(běn)工序的影響主(zhǔ)要💁有兩種情況(kuàng)：反應誤差和定(dìng)位誤差。如💯果上(shang)述誤差太大，不(bú)能❤️保證加工精(jīng)度，而且要提高(gao)毛坯精度或上(shàng)一道工序加工(gong)精度是不太現(xiàn)實的。

　　這時可采(cǎi)用誤差分組法(fǎ)，即把毛坯或上(shàng)工序尺寸按誤(wu)🐉差大小分爲n組(zu)，每組毛坯的誤(wù)差就縮小爲原(yuan)來的1/n，然後按各(gè)組分✊别調整刀(dao)具與工件的相(xiang)對位置或調整(zhěng)定位元件，這樣(yang)就可大大地縮(suō)小整批工件的(de)尺寸🌍分散範圍(wei)。誤差分組法的(de)實質是用提高(gāo)⭐測量精度的手(shou)段來彌補加工(gong)精度的☂️不足,從(cong)而達到減少加(jia)工誤💋差的影響(xiang)。

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如何減少立式(shi)加工中心加工(gōng)工件的誤差